Photograph by George Azar. Annual of Power and Conflict - Page 236 Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/Earth Observatory of Singapore/ESA. Stretched across the city’s coastline, these still-empty high-rises, which purloined their multi-million-dollar views from the ghosts of demolished turn-of-the-century homes, now seem to desolately stand sentinel, safeguarding the vestiges of a crumbled economy. Nelly P. Abboud is a museum educator. What survivance and resilience share is the onus placed on their affected social groups to perpetually perform their own resurrection, with no hope of justice or reparations, where any struggle to survive is their individual burden to bear. Approximately 50 percent of neighborhoods under the jurisdiction of the Beirut Municipality were damaged (Figure 2). 5 out of 5. Shoe designer Andrea Wazen. 3050 | 12/03/2016) published in 2016 is composed of a president and seven board members (Official Gazette, 2016). “Hope and resilience will always prevail,” one follower commented on social media pages of designers and artists, whose stores and studios were damaged in the blast. Musée de Préhistoire Libanaise (2020). Hubbard, B. Sewell, A. New immigration measures to support Lebanon Canada continues to offer assistance to those affected by the tragic explosion in Beirut on August 4. Available at: https://www.nightshift010.nl/the-social-role-of-museums-by-graham-black/ (Accessed: 14 September 2020). On the Political Economy of Domestic Work in Lebanon, International Journal of Cultural Propert. The focus is now on medium-term responses to support affected women, girls, men She is the founder of an NGO called “Museolab” that promotes Lebanese cultural heritage through hands-on interactive experiences. Syria Street - Solidere, Beirut. On Tuesday, more than 2,700 tonnes of ammonium nitrate being held in a warehouse in Beirut's port exploded and sent shock waves through the . Sama Beirut MEED. - Volume 51, Issues 18-25 - Page 60 The movement which is demanding basic civil rights and a political reform, is still ongoing after 11 months (Sullivan, 2019). As we cast aside the shackles of our “resilience,” international initiatives, like UNESCO’s ResiliArt, wax poetic about art “mak[ing] us resilient” in order to resist the desperation of crises. Sama Beirut offers prime retail, office space and upscale apartments to potential owners and tenants.
Lebanese politicians have failed to agree on a new government since Prime Minister Hassan Diab quit last August after a deadly explosion at Beirut . The damage was mainly confined to the building itself and its warehouses, and restoration works were subsequently carried out by the Ministry of Culture and the National Heritage Foundation (a non-profit organization created in 1996 by a group of Lebanese intellectuals aiming at preserving the Lebanese cultural heritage). Found inside – Page 173In early October, a small bomb had blown up a politician's car as it drove through Ras Beirut. ... A few weeks after we returned, a real estate agent offered to show us an apartment in a neighborhood on the other side of downtown.
Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to Is gentrification, which saw the displacement of elderly renters in Mar Mikhael years before the explosion decimated their apartments, immune from concerns about the sale of “our urban fabric and social fabric”?
PDF. Today the remains of virtually any pre-war era are gone from the Beirut Central District (BCD), and now the historic neighborhoods of Ashrafieh, Gemmayzeh and Mar Mkhayel, which escaped the bulldozers of 1994, have been severely damaged by the seaport explosion.
The center of Beirut has suffered devastation following an explosion which has destroyed the port, causing at least 145 deaths, thousands of injuries, and massive damage to the Lebanese capital.. We were sick of a power-sharing neoliberal system that thrives on continual threats of war and violence, that uses sectarianism to buttress itself, and that creates and perpetuates our electricity, water, and garbage crises. It’s UNESCO’s Education 2030 program. Relying mainly on private initiatives, the cultural sector was already suffering from a major lack of financial resources. With more than 150 deaths, thousands injured and many businesses obliterated after the August 4 explosion in Beirut, the full scope of the city's damage is still being assessed.. For Andrea Wazen, both her store and offices in the Beirut Central District were completely destroyed. He compared the aftermath of the blast to destruction caused during the country's 1975-90 civil war. Found inside – Page 13in the Shia district of south Beirut . ... Mughniyeh , who remains high on America's “ most wanted ' list , never forgave the US and after the bombing embarked ... The operation was cancelled in October that year after Sharif was forced ... But, in this case, parts of the gentrified “SoHo of Beirut” with pop-up bars, galleries, and nightclubs, led to the purported betterment of a neighborhood with no marketable “charm” of its own to lose. The way forward would be to open up to the young generation by giving them a role in the decision making while also including new expertise and set of skills, offering new training opportunities and implementing new alternative partnerships. Keeping the scars left by the explosion and to document the event that has now become part of the collective memory is an essential step in the healing process. Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below. Found inside – Page 37313. URBAN EXPLOSION AND SOCIAL FATALISM . 14. EPIDEICTIC VERSUS ORGANIC URBANISM . 15. DISCONCERN ? 16. NATURE ONLY RESISTANT FORCE . 17. LOST PROSPECTS OF A METROPOLITAN GARDEN CITY . 18. BEIRUT'S CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT . 19. Found inside – Page 6464 acknowledge that cluster bombs were widely used around the Hamra ( central West Beirut ) district . ... is a well - known fact that unfortunately too high a percentage of the bomblets that are falling down , they do not explode . The August explosion did not severely affect the NMB as the damage was mainly structural, while the collection and the museum staff remained safe. Plot # 450 is situated on a prominent site at the northwestern edge of the Beirut Central District, with 50 meters of frontage on the Charles Helou Avenue which links Beirut to the national coastal highway. © 2021 BBC. $104. It’s hard not to think how, as usual, issues of race and class determine which destroyed bodies and homes are deemed newsworthy or worth saving. The subject of reconstruction, opened a . Beirut. The arts and culture scene were particularly highlighted because the neighbourhoods suffering the greatest damage, Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael, are famous for their old historical buildings, and vibrant artistic and cultural scene. Cultural institutions and museums in post-colonial Lebanon (as elsewhere in the world) have a long history of elitism and exclusivity.
Found inside – Page 3691 In Paris, we were shell-shocked; unfortunately, passions in Lebanon typically erupt to the point of explosion. Therefore, they did. ... Courtesy ofJohn R. Khattar, The Beirut Central District. 3 Georges Hawi (b. 1938 – d. Found insideOn 23 October 1983, IJ militants truck-bombed the U.S. Marines headquarters at Beirut International Airport, killing 241 troops, and the French paratroops in Bir Hassan district, killing 59 soldiers. A similar explosion, caused by ... Found inside – Page 36So , what should all the major blast sites — from the stockBIMAN MUKHERJEE business do after Bombay ? market to the skyscraper ... Who's bothered about tragedy and gore apart , what lay exresembling downtown Beirut at its business ? Downtown beirut is the central district of beirut, with its outdoor cafes restaurants and high end designer stores. By Anjali Singhvi , Scott Reinhard, Allison McCann , Lauren Leatherby and Blacki Migliozzi Aug. 4, 2020. The commodification of heritage—of the past—is nothing new; it’s been the bread and butter of political regimes and our global economy since the rise of modernity in the late eighteenth century. Threats to museums and sites can happen anywhere, as the result of everything from fire (Brazil’s Museo Nacional, France’s Notre Dame) to natural disasters (Port-au Prince in Haiti, Japan’s historical and archaeological sites), to social uprisings (Egypt’s Tahrir Square) and even terrorism (the World Trade Center in New York City housed a large collection of fine art), and not all contingencies can be anticipated. Example of a damaged triple-arch house in Gemmayzeh, Beirut, August 2020. The central bank's move to end subsidies will mean sharp price increases. Sursock (no date) Architecture | Sursock Museum. Instead, it focused its postwar reconstruction efforts on one single site, which is the Beirut Central District (BCD), and turned it over to a private company, Solidere, in the absence of a role for the government or the people. Found inside – Page 626... 23042 , 23052 [ 90C ) and construction of the Tumalo Irrigation District S. 2177 , Military Survivors ' Fairness ... suffering from DIEGO COUNTY Focus - HOPE ( organization ) : anniversary ( see S. Con . trauma relating to a blast ... Defying the pandemic by flooding the streets of damaged neighborhoods bearing brooms, young residents stood out for some observers as paragons of resilience (Figure 4). "We lived difficult and similar experiences during the Lebanese war," he told AFP. BEIRUT (Reuters) -Lebanon's central bank governor said nobody was running the country, hitting back after government criticism of his decision to halt fuel subsidies that have drained currency . At minimum, museums should do their best to maintain up to date inventories of their possessions so that if items do disappear only to show up later on the antiquities market, their return is straightforward under the provisions of the UNESCO 1970 Convention, of which Lebanon is a signatory. Naccache, A. F. H. (1998) ‘Beirut’s memorycide’, Archaeology Under Fire: nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, pp. Between that year and 1990 the museum square became a demarcation line named “the museum passage” dividing Beirut into East and West. ACADEMIA Letters Beirut Post Blast Reconstruction Nael Chami yara rizk This paper will deal with the reconstruction of Beirut after the blast of 4th of August 2020. The Port is therefore a key component of the area. 12–13.
These modest neighborhoods are some of the few areas in the city where historical buildings remain standing. Recent Arab City Growth: - Page 373
An environmental disaster was looming. Weeks later, I am still unsettled by the idea that the random placement of this nondescript building, which few of us even knew existed before August 4, could be the reason my family and I are alive. Downtown has been described as the "vibrant financial, commercial, and administrative hub of the country. Qatar, Kuwait and Jordan are reported to be sending field hospitals.
It is the latest turn in a crisis that has sunk the Lebanese pound by 90% in less than two years and pushed more than half . More than two months later, many of us in Beirut still feel like we are teetering on the cusp of a great unknown yawning wide before us like the crater where the city’s port used to be. The PM disclosed a few details on their Facebook page (without any visuals) about the cleaning process performed by a team of Blue Shield volunteers (Musée de Préhistoire Libanaise, 2020). This results in a total incapacity to pay simple monthly bills as well as the inability to organize any cultural events. Map of Beirut (not drawn to scale) showing the city’s districts impacted by the explosion, with the inclusion of neighborhoods discussed in this essay. Cultural institutions were already strained by recent events, including a popular uprising, an economic collapse, and the global pandemic. Beirut Central District Thirty years after the end of civil war, much of the city Beirut has been repaired, replaced or demolished. Read about our approach to external linking. The shopping centre, restaurants and souks in downtown Beirut, to the west of the blast area, didn't escape damage. Available at: https://icom.museum/en/news/icom-announces-the-alternative-museum-definition-that-will-be-subject-to-a-vote/ (Accessed: 9 September 2020). Historical structures in the city have been incessantly demolished since the 1990s, long before pressure waves reduced some of them to rubble. With over 180 dead, over 6000 injured and up to 300,000 displaced, the explosions have had a devastating impact on Beirut and will furthermore have broad, long-term negative impact on the country due to the destruction of the port and its effect on deepening . The price is $104 per night from Oct 18 to Oct 18. Ironically, it was not the Lebanese War that caused the most destruction but rather the 1994 “rebuilding” in its aftermath, as the whole center of the city was literally and intentionally razed with the collaboration with archaeologists and experts under UNESCO supervision, in what Naccache (1998, p. 140) has termed a “memorycide.” For a brief moment in time, Beirut was dubbed the largest urban archaeological site in the world (Haddad, 1998). The explosion in the Beirut seaport last August killed at least 200 people, injured thousands, and destroyed large areas of the Lebanese capital.
Found inside – Page 60Details on payment of $ 750 from Council for Development & Reconstruction , Tallet el - Serail , PO Box 116-5351 , Beirut Central District , telephone ( 9611 ) 981431 , fax ( 9611 ) 981255 , email ... CRISISGROUP/Michelle Malaney Ever since the economic meltdown's extent started to become apparent in late 2019, Lebanese politicians have put off making reforms that could threaten their hold on power. Adding to the preexisting weak economic situation, the 17th of October 2019 uprising paralyzed the country’s economy for two weeks in a row. Marketing and Public Relations for Museums, Galleries, Cultural and Heritage Attractions, as well as providing some of the theory of marketing, provides the latest available case studies coupled with comments and advice from professionals ... Photograph by George Azar. But although all efforts are essential after this disaster, we urge caution not to repeat the mistakes of the past. Museums, galleries, and arts foundations have halted business indefinitely’, News Artnet, Available at: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/beirut-arts-organizations-closing-protests-1685554 (Accessed 21 September 2020). Lebanon's maritime trade will now shift to the country's second biggest city, Tripoli, so that the country can start to receive medical aid, foodstuffs, fuel and basic goods. Barricades block off the Beirut Central District following protests which erupted in 2019. (2005) ‘Forever nearing the finish line: heritage policy and the problem of memory in postwar Beirut’, IJCP, 12, p. 163. The Beirut port explosion took place in August 2020, leaving more than 200 dead and thousands displaced. Beirut's residents are in shock and mourning after the enormous explosion at the city's port ripped through miles of surrounding homes and businesses and injured more than 4,000 people. It also proposed that the less damaged parts of the Central District would be reconstructed and rehabilitated by local property owners, and that the heavily damaged parts would be reconstructed by small . The explosion at a portside warehouse in Beirut sent devastating shockwaves across the Lebanese capital, decimating seafront buildings and causing widespread destruction. Found inside – Page 210After the bombing in 1998, I made plans to go to Egypt and later to Afghanistan to meet bin Ladin. Before I could leave, I was subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury in the Southern District of New York. I testified, told some lies ... This was especially seen as the majority of museums supported the global community’s well-being by diversifying their offers online during the COVID-19 lockdown. First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. recent Beirut port explosion in August 2020, have triggered . Explosions erupted in Lebanon's capital . The AUBM also had some structural damages but has lost a showcase containing over 70 ancient glass artifacts ranging from the Roman to the Islamic periods. Badre, L. (2016) ‘The Greek Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Beirut, Lebanon: The Archaeological Excavations and Crypt Museum’, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies, 4(1), pp. Available at: http://www.aub.edu.lb:80/articles/Pages/archaeological-museum-beirut-blast.aspx (Accessed: 7 September 2020). Freedom is an anthem dedicated to black women. Yet the idea of Beirut being associated with the “spirit of the Phoenix” is more than just a maddening cliché. But is resilience the antithesis of despair? Moffitt, K. (2017) How are museums changing from institutions of the elite to places that ‘promote humanity?’, St. Louis Public Radio. Scene of an explosion near the the port in the Lebanese capital Beirut. Even the word ‘museum’ has been scrutinized, as they are now seen as key players in social issues such as environment and climate change, migration and integration, digital democracy, cities and urban development, food and health (Black, 2018; ICOM, 2019). As the post-blast panic and paranoia of history repeating impended, the hashtag #BeirutIsNotForSale trended on social media, as did #SaveBeirutHeritage and #BeirutWillRiseAgain. Meskell, L. (2002) ‘Negative heritage and past mastering in archaeology’, Anthropological quarterly, 75(3), pp. Reproduced with permission of George Azar. Brown, K. and Mairesse, F. (2018) ‘The definition of the museum through its social role’, Curator: The Museum Journal, 61(4), pp. The Orient Queen cruise ship was docked in Beirut a few hundred metres from the warehouse when the explosion happened. 140–158. Found inside – Page 60Details on payment of KD 1,800 from Central Tenders Committee , PO Box 1070 , Safat 13011 , telephone ( 965 ) 2401200 ... Tallet el - Serail , PO Box 116-5351 , Beirut Central District , telephone ( 9611 ) 981431 , fax ( 9611 ) 981255 ... amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Copious photographs of gutted neighborhoods speak to our voyeuristic enthrallment with consuming images of devastation.
The 4th of August explosion has thus revealed issues that need to be confronted.
Reproduced with permission of George Azar. For the past two years Lebanon has been facing its worst economic crisis in its history, as the Lebanese Lira plummeted to half its official value this year and the country is teetering on the brink of financial collapse (Hubbard, 2020).
The museum’s page on Facebook (Sursock, 2020) and Instagram (Sursock, 2020) posted pictures a few hours after the blast showing the damaged building and collection, as well as surveillance camera footage at the moment of the explosion. (11 August 2020) ‘Beirut explosion: What we know so far’. Said, Edward M. (1978). Haddad, R. (1998) Too many archaeological sites in downtown Beirut to excavate all of them | Arts & Ent , Culture | THE DAILY STAR. A general view of Beirut central district. On the evening of 4 August, there were two explosions in Beirut's port area. All content on the website (with the exception of images) is published under the following Creative Commons License, Copyright © — E-International Relations.
38–43. Beirut River Explosion site .
After all, the loss of heritage is an act of symbolic violence on the past and future inhabitants of Beirut, as the erasure of cultural memory severs links with the past, which ‘are integral to forging and maintaining modern identities’ (Meskell, 2002, p. 564). Other than the university museums, private museums with archaeological collections such as the Villa Audi Mosaic Museum and the Robert Mouawad Private Museum are now permanently closed, however there was no information in the news regarding their structural condition nor their collections’ following the explosion. But what we do see ahead of us is a system that produces, that uses, disaster in order to reinvent itself. Beirut, the Mediterranean port city whose history includes multiple destructions and reconstructions since antiquity, was yet again destroyed on the 4th of August, 2020 (BBC, 2020). Or are the two different sides of the same coin within a system that gaslights us into thinking that everything is changing, when everything remains the same? Standing at a height of 195 meters, the highest point in Lebanon, Sama Beirut provides unobstructed, 360-degree views that stretch from Mount Lebanon to the Bay of Jounieh to the Port of Beirut and the Beirut Central District. Little did we think that things could get worse. With more than 150 deaths, thousands injured and many businesses obliterated after the August 4 explosion in Beirut, the full scope of the city's damage is still . This fascinating volume, which opens with an introduction by the eminent scholar Richard Sennett, engages in multi-layered discussion of the problems of spatial, socio-economic and cultural rehabilitation of a fractured social order in the ... As reconstruction picks up, the market for glass and aluminum is soaring. Found inside – Page 79However , in order for the central district to regain its pre - war role , it might have been deemed desirable by the ... “ Emergency Preservation of Beirut's Peri - Center Districts : A Framework for Debate and Action , ” in Al ... A window of a damaged house in the Geitawi neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon, frames a view of the city's port, where a massive explosion on . People took to the streets fed up with three decades of a clientelist system of corruption, injustice, and pandering to the 1 percent. Nearby quarters, like Achrafieh, Bachoura, and Bourj Hammoud (a little . This article focused on how the August explosion affected the cultural heritage in Beirut through its museums, a sector that has been largely absent from conversations in the aftermath of the blast. Sept. 9, 2020. Indeed, preliminary damage assessments issued by UNESCO and the Ministry of Culture recorded 640 historical buildings damaged, 60 of which are at risk of collapse (UNESCO 2020). ‘Arts Organizations in Beirut Are Closing in Solidarity with the Millions of Lebanese Protesting the Government. The explosion in the Beirut port on august 4th, was the . Gemmayzeh, a small neighborhood in Beirut’s Rmeil district, has two main streets, Gouraud and Pasteur, running through it. In the aftermath, various local and international organizations rushed to offer their help and to restore what was destroyed. Staying on the streets in Beirut and camping in the public squares, people were promoting the preservation of the archaeological sites scattered in and around these squares reclaiming the public space as theirs. Around 15:00 GMT on August 4th, an explosion occurred in the warehouse facility storing Ammonium Nitrate (AN) at Beirut port, Lebanon. American University of Beirut (AUB) on Facebook Watch (2020). Figure 2. New York: Pantheon. ICOM (2019) ICOM announces the alternative museum definition that will be subject to a vote, ICOM. Including representatives of major businesses, institutions of higher education, government, and local agencies, these programs can aid the museum in locating and releasing funds and serve as ambassadors for these institutions spreading awareness by conveying their messages, especially in times of need. Other archaeology museums in the city are the National Museum of Beirut (NMB) and two university museums; The American University of Beirut Museum (AUBM) and the Prehistory Museum (PM) at the University of Saint-Joseph. Available at: https://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Art/1998/Aug-25/100563-too-many-archaeological-sites-in-downtown-beirut-to-excavate-all-of-them.ashx (Accessed: 10 September 2020). Available at: https://www.facebook.com/aub.edu.lb/videos/tomorrow-from-9-amjoin-us-live-here-on-aub-facebook-at-the-museum-for-the-liftin/711125352802063/ (Accessed: 25 September 2020). The head of the Antiquities Service and curator of the NMB at the time, Maurice Chéhab, his wife Olga, and museum team members rescued and protected the artifacts from the dangers of looting and destruction (Asmar, 1997; Speetjens, 1997). Having such plans in place can help museums mobilize staff and volunteers to act during catastrophes, and spread information about the heritage under threat. Areas in the explosion’s epicenter—including Beirut Port, Karantina, Gemmayzeh, Mar Mikhael, Saifi, Geitawi, Badawi, and Beirut Central District—recorded the most destruction, fatalities, and injuries. Solidere refers to the private company established in 1994, after the Civil War, by late Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. In the weeks since writing this essay, fires have continued to ignite and PMs continue to resign, revealing the farce that is the current political scene. BBC News. Found insideHe died a few minutes after the explosion , which also wounded his driver . there have been persistent reports that ... former prime minister Rafik Hariri , who was assassinated in a bomb explosion in downtown Beirut on 14 February . Available at: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1445873272267125&id=114126908775108 (Accessed: 25 September 2020). Forum de Beyrouth, After Beirut's Explosion News. More importantly, this mythos of resilience, coopted by an economic system that not only consumes, but produces, disaster, disturbingly glosses over whose heritage people want rebuilt and why. "As the blast wave struck the silo wall, it probably dissipated a great deal of energy," she said.
On Thursday, the death toll . The first was relatively small and was caused by ignited fireworks, which the fire brigade went to extinguish. Independent entities such as the High Commission of Museums would contribute to fill the gap left by the governmental parties. Its role is to supervise and strengthen the establishment and the management of Lebanese public and private museums, to preserve the Lebanese cultural heritage, and to enhance the skills of museum professionals. The human toll: 300,000 displaced, over 200 dead, over 6,000 injured. Mohanad Moetaz. (15 March 2020) ‘Coronavirus: Lebanon declares state of emergency, orders two-week lockdown’, Al Arabiya English, Available at: https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/03/15/Coronavirus-Lebanon-to-close-airport-borders-ports-some-public-institutions (Accessed: 21 September 2020). On the 13th of April 1975, the Lebanese War broke out forcing the museum to close its doors to the public. Moreover, exhibited in one of the display cases on the first floor is a conglomerate of metal, ivory, stone, and terracotta—objects that were in storage during the war and all melted together due to a fire thus fusing into one object; instead of tossing it away or keeping it in storage, the NMB displayed it so visitors can see the damage of the war on the collections. 16 October 2021, Beirut, Lebanon. It is this heritage that local and international initiatives want to rebuild and preserve. The blast, in the early evening of August 4, has been reported as having the force of a 3.5 magnitude earthquake - and is believed to have been fuelled by 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse at the . The blast, in the early evening of August 4, had the force of a 3.5 magnitude earthquake - and is believed to have been caused by 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse at the port. American University Museum Facebook Live: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=711125352802063. But in Lebanon, disaster struck well before Beirut’s explosion. At least 50 people were killed and nearly . [1] Jens Hanssen, Fin de Siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital (Oxford: Oxford University Press; Clarendon Press, 2005), 2n6, 28. Port of Beirut’s damaged grain silo, August 2020, Beirut.
It is situated on the city's northern coast . Now the international community (UNESCO, ICOM, ALIPH, Blue Shield, etc.)
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