Fourteen years after a deadly quake hit the city of Bam in the southeastern province of Kerman once again deep-seated fear of devastating quakes has gripped people all over the country. You should know: In March 2007 Mother Nature delivered a reminder of her powers to survivors of the 2003 quake – a sandstorm whipped up by 130 kph (80 mph) winds that enveloped Bam, suffocating three children, causing fatal car accidents and injuring a dozen or more residents of the re-emerging city. reason, the economic and environmental impacts of these disasters to the whole world are uncountable and extremely difficult to answer ( Eshghi, 2008).In a period of 95 years, from the 1908 Silakhor earthquake (with destruction of 64 villages and death of about 800) to the 2003 Table 1 The key impacts of the Bam earthquake Impact Number People killed People injured 26,000 22,628 Houses destroyed beyond repair (Bam City and surrounding villages) 25,000 (out of 29,500) People affected (by loss of economic activity and damage to property and inf rastructure) 200,000 Inhabitants in the most affected areas: Bam town and also a very detailed report here ICG Report - Bam Earthquake - December 2003. The casualties of the Bam earthquake of December 2003 are estimated to be between 30-50 thousand. On December 26th, 2003, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake claimed 22,400 lives, made more than 75,000 residents homeless, and destroyed nearly 93% of urban buildings in the city of Bam, Iran , . The earthquake in Bam is one of 130 major earthquakes that have happened in recorded history of Iran. Keywords— Earthquake, Economics, Pounding, SAP 2000. 90% of the buildings in the ancient citadel was completed destroyed (photo shows view over the city prior to the quake.After the quake there was criticism of the coordination of relief efforts by the government and of the lack of preventative measures. Learn about our remote access options, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Bu‐Ali Sina University, Iran, Associate Professor, Emergency Management, York University, Canada, Department of Economics, Bu‐Ali Sina University, Iran. Reference Ramirez and Peek-Asa 1 Iran is ranked in the top 10 countries with the highest occurrence of earthquakes. This seismic gap could be verified with the Arg-e Bam castle, constructed about 2000 years ago and since then, until the 2003 Bam earthquake, remaining As well as battling to survive in the below freezing temperatures of the Iranian winter, one of the concerns at the time was over the lack of access to decent sanitation, with many sharing outside toilets and a lack of clean water. "Here is a summary of some of the reasons for the high death toll (see article and links below for further detail), To find out more about the quake, including the effects and considerations as to why the effects may have been so severe try exploring some of the following links and news stories:- Twin Earthquakes - comparing the California and Bam earthquakes of 2003 - Why did the Bam Earthquake Happen (some excellent links thanks to Noel Jenkins of Court Fields School)- Preliminary report on the Bam Earthquake - Iran- Bam: Iran's Ancient City (includes photographs and further information)- Lessons learnt on the national and international response to the Bam earthquake - Iran Earthquake - Preliminary Reconnaissance (Using Remotely Sensed Data the Views (Visualising the impacts of earthquakes with satellite images) system) - some amazing before and after images here). It seems that the Bam earthquake of 26/12/2003 has ended a seismic gap along the Bam fault. Bam Earthquake 1. At the time of the of the 400 surrounding villages have close economic earthquake, the greater Bam area consisted of the city ties with Bam. 1984; Jackson & McKenzie 1984; Walker & Jackson 2002; Vernant et al. This paper applies shift‐share analysis to understand potential long‐term impacts of disasters on employment using the December 2003 Bam earthquake as a case study. earthquake in the northern Iranian province of Gilan. longer-term economic impacts, such as lower exports and production, loss of income and livelihood, rationing in some sectors, declined employment and lower tax returns. In total, about 30,000 people were injured in the Bam sub-province, 400 became permanently disabled, 75,000 were left homeless, 550 were unaccounted for, 5,054 children were put on the register as orphans, more than 230,000 people were affected in the region, and the psychological impact was severe in the entire area (Iranian Newspapers, 2003, 2004, 2005; irna.ir, 2003, 2004, 2005; news.bbc.co.uk, 2003, … While the numbers are still not finalized, revised figures now indicate that 26,271 people died in the quake, although some continue to dispute that count. San Francisco; earthquake; liquefaction; Bay Bridge; Oakland Interstate; Candlestick Park; YouTube; - buildings made of mud-brick (collapse easily into rubble), - lack of enforcement of building codes / regulations, - lack of research into techniques to protect the buildings from earthquakes, - population boom and competition for houses (resulted in rapid building of sub-standard housing), - lack of national plan for the event of a disaster, - extreme cold temperatures made conditions for survivors difficult. However, ironically it is believed that the freezing temperatures may have actually helped to reduce the incidence of water bourne disease expected. Country Iran, Islam Rep Location Bam, Kerman Province. Brief Overview of the Disaster According to the U.S. Geological Survey, on December 26, 2003, at 05:27 local time, an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale struck southeastern Iran's Kerman Province. I. Read more about this in this excellent article from the BBC. After the earthquake a field investigation was organised by Halcrow Group Limited. Among the all ( 40) different types of natural disasters observable in different parts of the world, 31 types have been identified in the Islamic Republic of Iran. as part of its After the 2003 Earthquake in Bam, people displacement as a big migration happened when survivors gradually found that remaining in their places without water and suitable shelter was too difficult to be bearable. Bam Earthquake, 2003. The earthquake destroyed buildings both new and old The devastating earthquake at Bam, Iran, in 2003 was caused by the rupture of a rare, hidden … There is little earthquake education in Iran although the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology established a Public Education Department in 1990 to improve "the safety, preventing, and preparedness culture against the earthquake among all groups of the society". Bam (Persian: بم ) is a city and capital of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran.At the 2006 census, its population was 73,823, in 19,572 families. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. This paper applies shift‐share analysis to understand potential long‐term impacts of disasters on employment using the December 2003 Bam earthquake as a case study. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, At the recovery and reconstruction periods, some social as well as economic and psychological The above lists the number of visits from countries around the world since Sunday 6th May 2007. USGS intensity map of December 22, 2003 event . Bam Earthquake 26 th December 2003 2. These zones are concentrated within eastern districts of Bam, a distribution which corresponds closely with preliminary results of a ground- In June of 2002, more than 1100 people lost their lives in an earthquake in Northwestern Iran. The earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale struck the city at 5:26 a.m. local time on December 26, 2003. )Earthquake Rescue (audio tale of Phil Haigh who has been working in Disaster Relief since 1968)Response to the Earthquake / Controversy over lack of Preparedness:The politics of earthquakesIran press lambasts quake effortsTough questions over Iran quakePress tackles Iran over quakeEarthquake angers Iran mediaSurvivors recall Iran quake lossPictures:In Pictures: Bam before and afterIn Pictures: Symbols of HopeYour Pictures: Bam after the earthquake, Original source of photo: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:BAM_IR2726.JPG, Welcome to GeoBytesGCSE.blogspot. 2003 San Simeon, California Earthquake RMS Event Report Risk Management Solutions TM. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel. XPERIENCES of past and recent earthquake-damages have well established the severity of economic losses and consequences of this event. Introduction. So why was the death toll of the Bam earthquake so high? the 2003 Algerian earthquake. Societal and Economic Impacts Earthquake casualties: As tends to be the case in major disasters, early reports on the earthquake’s death toll appear to have overestimated the number killed. See this excellent articles from the Guardian "Dangerous buildings, lax rules: why Bam death toll was so high" and "Why did so many have to die in Bam? The results provide further evidence that disasters could have significant long‐term effects on … December 2003. Annually, over 5,000 earthquakes are recorded worldwide with 3,000 earthquakes felt by human populations. The Earthquake: Causes / Effects / Responses: Tending to Iran's shattered CityIran battles to cope with disasterConcealed fault caused Bam quakeStarting from scratch in BamIran lowers Bam earthquake tollRebuilding Bam 'could cost $1bn' Iran considers moving capitalBam: a year after the earthquake (includes video clips)Iran quake survivors battle cold, Rescue Missions / Helping the people of Bam:Helping the people of Bam (work of aid / relief workers to help survivors)Devon rescue team on Quake MissionHelping the people of BamWoman helps reunite quake survivors (story of a red cross worker)Iran Earthquake - How to help (what was needed in the immediate aftermath - who helped? Many were left destitute on the streets, some forced to spend the cold nights wrapped in blankets; whilst some were given tents, others made use of any shelter they could find. INTRODUCTION. Learn more. A blog to support students at St Ivo studying GCSE Geography (OCR A), Bam, the ancient historic city in Iran, was hit by an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale on December 26th, 2003 resulting in the deaths of over 43,000 people and leaving over 60,000 people homeless. During about five years after the disaster, about 26,900 houses and 2300 apartment units in 50 multi-story residential complexes were provided to settle the affected families [29] , [4] . The earthquake destroyed most of Bam city and the nearby villages and according to the latest estimates the official death toll exceeded 26,000 with more than 30,000 injuries and 75,000 left homeless. 1) which is located on the west side of the Lut block and accommodates part of the 2.5 cm yr−1 northward motion of Arabia relative to Eurasia (Berberian et al. The Iranian press spoke out about the controversy surrounding this and the lack of a national plan to make buildings quake proof. With large numbers of volunteers coming in from all over Iran after the quake, the main plea for help after the earthquake was for medicine and equipment to help the tens of thousands injured in the quake.You need to be aware of the reasons for differences in earthquake impact between countries at idfferent levels of development and you need to be prepared in an exam to discuss the differences with examples. Disasters have potential short‐term and long‐term impacts on employment and employment structures in affected regions. One does not have to go far back in time to be reminded of the great force of Mother Nature and the havoc an earthquake can cause in terms of direct damage to the natural and built environment (Bam Earthquake in 2003, Kashmir Earthquake in 2005, Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, Haiti Earthquake in 2010, Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011, Kobe Earthquake in 1995). Many survivors were however reluctant initially to leave the sites of their destroyed homes with family members, friends and property still buried. The mud-brick disintegrates easily into rubble, making rescue difficult and hopes of survival low. However, the historical (Ambraseys & Melville 1982; Berberian & Yeats 1999) and instrumental (Engdahl et al. Bam earthquake damage estimated at $1.9 billion 2/5/04 An official in Housing and Urban Development Ministry said in Tehran on Wednesday the earthquake which devastated the ancient city of Bam last December is estimated to costs rls 15,000 billion ($1.9 billion), IRNA repored. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2011.01268.x. Working off-campus? On December 26, 2003, a 6.8 magnitude struck Bam a historical town in southeast Iran. The results provide further evidence that disasters could have significant long‐term effects on the employment structure of affected regions. One of the big criticisms by the domestic press and independent organisations at the time was over the sub-standard housing (with many people dying in collapsed buildings) calling into question the role of the Minister for Housing.Following the quake in Bam, 'tented cities' were constructed on the outskirts of the city by relief workers to try and house the many homeless. This blog is aimed at students at St Ivo School studying the OCR A GCSE Geography Course. The economies of these communities itself, with a population of approximately 86,000, as were already severely stressed before the earthquake well as numerous surrounding villages with a total due to a six-year drought. The Bam earthquake of 2003 December 26, occurred near the southern termination of the N–S trending Nayband and Gowk fault system (Fig. earthquake; prediction; monitoring; seismic; seismograph; seisometer; earthquake; San Francisco; Focus; Epicentre; Seismograph; Seisometer; Richter Scale; logarithmic; fault, epicentre; liquefaction; focus; magnitude. The survivors had not only lost friends and family, but their homes and everything else they had. The modern Iranian city of Bam surrounds the Bam citadel.Before the 2003 earthquake the official population count of the city was roughly 43,000. 2. Bam-Iran 2003 Earthquake. The full Geography Department website is. In the resulting building damage map (Figure 5), red and orange areas are associated with extreme changes where structures have collapsed. Earthquakes generate a variety of economic impacts and these impacts adversely affect the economy of the country or state. 2004). "Dangerous buildings, lax rules: why Bam death toll was so high", Twin Earthquakes - comparing the California and Bam earthquakes of 2003, Preliminary report on the Bam Earthquake - Iran, Lessons learnt on the national and international response to the Bam earthquake, Iran Earthquake - Preliminary Reconnaissance, ICG Report - Bam Earthquake - December 2003, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:BAM_IR2726.JPG, Case Study of an Earthquake in an LEDC - Bam 2003, calling into question the role of the Minister for Housing, below freezing temperatures of the Iranian winter, Earthquake Case Study: 1989 San Francisco Earthquake. In October 2003, Bah… The existing records on seismicity history indicate no major earthquake in Bam since the historical time. (2012) find that the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran had no negative impact on the total employment of Bam County, but the growth varied among the major economic sectors. 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