keywords = "Earthquake source observations, Intra-plate processes, Tsunamis". A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.". EAO was partially supported by the National Science Foundation, under subcontract from the University of Pittsburgh's Hazards SEES Grant number OCE-1331463; NK enjoyed support from the National Science Foundation under Grant CMI-1538624 to the University of Southern California. 11, Lamond Publications, 1986, p. 157-169. and from After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. Sanriku Earthquake – Japan – March 2, 1933 Leave a Comment / Natural / By devastating The offshore earthquake, though powerful, was barely felt on shore so no one was prepared for the tsunami that followed. Rat Islands Earthquake. [4] The focal mechanism of this earthquake showed that it was a normal faulting earthquake. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. journal = "Geophysical Journal International". This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. [2] The death toll came to 1522 people confirmed dead, 1542 missing, and 12,053 injured. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2016. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.4 and the associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The tsunami was also recorded in Hawaii with a height of 9.5 feet (2.9 m), and which also resulted in slight damage. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. (2016) relocations. © The Authors 2016. [3], This earthquake was an intraplate earthquake in the Pacific Plate. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. Some figures were plotted using the GMT software (Wessel & Smith 1991). Pararas-Carayannis, G., 1994. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was a typical ‘tsunami earthquake’ which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking. The northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, in Iwate Prefecture, was hit with a powerful earthquake of magnitude 8.4 on March 2, 1933. The initial shock occurred at 0231 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (1731 GMT March 2, 1933). abstract = "After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. On October 28, … This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. Footage of the destruction in the Long Beach area after the Long Beach Earthquake, March 10, 1933. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. The paper was improved through the comments of two anonymous reviewers. Reference: Kanamori, H. (1971). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment. and Kirby, {Stephen H.} and Nikos Kalligeris". The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. Due to higher levels of tsunami awareness, fewer casualties were recorded following the Sanriku earthquake. Hardest hit was the town of Tarō, Iwate (now part of Miyako city), with 98% of its houses destroyed and 42% of its population killed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Hiroo Kanamori for sending us a preliminary write up of his solution for the moment of the 1933 earthquake, and to Naoki Uchida for collaboration and a data set of Uchida et al. In the northern part of the Japan Trench, the 1933 Showa-Sanriku earthquake (Mw 8.4), an outer-trench, normal-faulting earthquake, occurred 37 yr after the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku tsunami earthquake (Mw 8.0), a shallow, near-trench, plate-interface rupture. On the basis of the P times obtained at more than 200 stations, it is confirmed that the hypocenter of this earthquake is within the lithosphere beneath the Japan trench. … After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. The earthquake measured 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale [2] and was in approximately the same location as the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 4 (4), 289-300. Japan saw a lot of seismic activity during the early 1700s. which … The people remained with no homes, security and protection. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. We thank Roger Buck for discussions on stress release in the upper plate, Norihito Umino for access to T. Matuzawa's collection of original seismograms and to the Omori records from the Mizusawa archives, and Takeo Ishibe for a data set of intensity values during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate. Approximately three hours after the main shock was a magnitude 6.8 aftershock, followed by 76 more aftershocks (with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater) over a period of six months. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. Preventive coastal measures were not implemented until after another tsunami struck in 1933. We thank Roger Buck for discussions on stress release in the upper plate, Norihito Umino for access to T. Matuzawa's collection of original seismograms and to the Omori records from the Mizusawa archives, and Takeo Ishibe for a data set of intensity values during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Hoei earthquake, 1707. Seismological evidence for a lithospheric normal faulting—The Sanriku earthquake of 1933. Emile A. Okal*, Stephen H. Kirby, Nikos Kalligeris, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (M s 8.5) also generated significant tsunami damage with ~3,000 fatalities. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震 Shōwa Sanriku Jishin?) A great earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933 (UTC DATE) in the Sanriku region of Japan and generated a destructive tsunami that caused extensive damage along the Sanriku coast of the Tohoku region of the island of Honshu. occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2. [5], Although the earthquake did little damage, the associated tsunami, which was recorded to reach the height of 28.7 metres (94 ft) at Ōfunato, Iwate, caused extensive damage, destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties [6] The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record.". The Sanriku coast was severely damaged not only by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, but also by the tsunamis that followed the 1933 Showa Sanriku and 1896 Meiji Sanriku earthquakes. The epicenter occurred far enough away from the town that the earthquake itself did little damage to buildings. Ground shaking was felt with intensities of 4 to 5 in a wide area of eastern Japan, not only … occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. [7], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. author = "Okal, {Emile A.} The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2 : A global seismological reassessment. EAO was partially supported by the National Science Foundation, under subcontract from the University of Pittsburgh's Hazards SEES Grant number OCE-1331463; NK enjoyed support from the National Science Foundation under Grant CMI-1538624 to the University of Southern California. Relocated aftershocks show a band of genuine shallow aftershocks parallel to the Japan Trench under the outer trench slope and a region of post-mainshock events landward of the trench axis that occur over roughly the same latitude range and are thought to be the result of stress transfer to the interplate thrust boundary following the normalfaulting rupture. The 1933 Showa Sanriku earthquake is considered to have been an outer-rise earthquake, the rupture of a normal fault in the oceanic plate entering the Japan Trench. Some figures were plotted using the GMT software (Wessel & Smith 1991). Film is silent. Publisher Copyright: After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. 05:01. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. (2016) relocations. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake (明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin) was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988799199&partnerID=8YFLogxK, UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84988799199&partnerID=8YFLogxK, Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2021 Elsevier B.V, "We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. 1933 Sanriku Earthquake damage at Onagawa.jpg 590 × 330; 91 KB Kamaishi Bay after 1933 tsunami.jpg 628 × 286; 65 KB The stone monuments for the 1933 Showa Sanriku tsunami and the 1960 Chile tsunami in Minami-Sanriku town -25-3-2011-.jpg 746 × 278; 40 KB The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). N1 - Funding Information: AB - After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage.. Earthquake. The 1933 M 8.4 Sanriku-Oki earthquake and the 1994 M 8.3 Shikotan earthquake are examples of intraplate seismicity, caused by deformation within the lithosphere of the subducting Pacific plate (Sanriku-Oki) and of the overriding North America plate (Shikotan), respectively. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2. M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Based on a combination of P-wave first motions and inversion of surface wave spectral amplitudes, we propose a normal-faulting focal mechanism (φ = 200°, δ = 61° and λ= 271°) and a seismic moment M0 = (7 ± 1) × 1028 dyn cm (Mw = 8.5). 4) is the largest earthquake that has recogniz ed to date in the outer-rise/outer-trench- slope regions of the Earth. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. A wide variety of data, including the distribution of isoseismals, the large magnitudes (up to 8.9) proposed by early investigators before the standardization of magnitude scales, estimates of energy-to-moment ratios and the tentative identification of a T wave at Pasadena (and possibly Riverside), clearly indicate that this seismic source was exceptionally rich in high-frequency wave energy, suggesting a large apparent stress and a sharp rise time, and consistent with the behaviour of many smaller shallow normal-faulting earthquakes. note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Hiroo Kanamori for sending us a preliminary write up of his solution for the moment of the 1933 earthquake, and to Naoki Uchida for collaboration and a data set of Uchida et al. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.4 and the associated tsunami caused widespread damage. 178.72°E. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. The P wave fault plane solution, the amplitude of long-period (100 s) Love and Rayleigh … This page was last modified on 20 October 2015, at 02:19. 1960 — At magnitude 9.5, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile is the most powerful quake ever recorded. Together they form a unique fingerprint. 1965-02-04. J. This study emphasizes the need to include off-trench normal-faulting earthquake sources in global assessments of tsunami hazards emanating from the subduction of old and cold plates, whose total length of trenches exceed 20 000 km, even though only a handful of great such events are known with confidence in the instrumental record. 1933-03-02 17:31:00 (UTC) 39.209°N 144.590°E. T1 - The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2, T2 - A global seismological reassessment. The paper was improved through the comments of two anonymous reviewers. The focal process of the Sanriku earthquake of March 2, 1933, is discussed in relation to the bending mechanism of the lithosphere. Dive into the research topics of 'The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment'. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The 1960 Chile earthquake was the largest earthquake (M w 9.5) of the last century and a transoceanic tsunami struck the Pacific coasts of Japan ~23 h after the earthquake… Official Magnitude updated 07-Nov-2016. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin?) / Okal, Emile A.; Kirby, Stephen H.; Kalligeris, Nikos. Hydrodynamic simulations based on a range of possible sources consistent with the above findings, including a compound rupture on two opposite-facing normal-faulting segments, are in satisfactory agreement with tsunami observations in Hawaii, where run-up reached 3 m, causing significant damage. 1935 — Charles Richter develops the Richter scale, which rates earthquakes based on the size of their seismic waves. The 1933 earthquake was the largest earthquake hitherto ever reported among normal fault earthquakes, with Mw = 8.5 (Okal et al. Tsunamis generated by both earthquakes caused severe damage along the Sanriku coast. The Sanriku region was the most affected area in Japan. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. N2 - After 83 yr, the great normal-faulting earthquake of 1933 March 2, which took place off the Japan Trench and produced a devastating tsunami on the Sanriku coast and damaging waves in Hawaii, remains the largest recorded normal-faulting earthquake. 1933 — In Japan, the Sanriku earthquake and tsunami occur in a location that saw damaging quakes in 1896. 1933 Sanriku Earthquake The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The 1933 Sanriku-oki earthquake offshore northern Honshu, Japan (Mw 8. Hence the relation between the 1896 and 2011 tsunami sources is an important scientific as well as … The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2. title = "The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2: A global seismological reassessment". It occurred along the Japan Trench in the northern tsunami source area of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake where a delayed tsunami generation has been proposed. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. 15.0 km depth. @article{2e55b65c546c43b2a9e222886c54f6cb. 51.25°N. which used exclusively arrival times at Japanese stations. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. This study uses advanced methods to investigate this event using far-field seismological and tsunami data and complements a sister study by Uchida et al. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. Our relocation of the main shock (39.22°N, 144.45°E, with a poorly constrained depth of less than 40 km) places it in the outer trench slope, below a seafloor depth of ~6500 m, in a region of horst-and-graben structure, with fault scarps approximately parallel to the axis of the Japan Trench. "日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会, "Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M, The Great Meiji Sanriku tsunami of 1896 is estimated to have generated a wave 38.2 meters high (, "Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake", Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami", Historic video footage of devastation following 1933 Sanriku Earthquake, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=1933_Sanriku_earthquake&oldid=5127898, Pages with citations using unsupported parameters, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Pararas-Carayannis, G., 1994 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake anonymous reviewers using the GMT software Wessel... 明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin ) was one of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 4 ( )! March 2 which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking \textcopyright } Authors! 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